Saturday, July 2, 2016

Lila Downs


La semana pasada, mi tía me preguntó ¿Qué aprendiste aquí en México? ¿Qué vas a llevar contigo? La pregunta fue demasiada complicada para contestar de una vez. He aprendido tanto este año. He aprendido del camino de migrante y de injusticia entre las relaciones de EEUU con México y Latina America. He aprendido a amar nueva gente, convivir con mi familia, acompañar mi familia y amigos, gozar la vida de nueva forma, y más. Siempre estaré en deuda a mi familia y amigos Mexicanos que me han enseñado tanto este año, y que me han dado nueva vida.


Para contestar la prequnta de mi tía he decidido compartir esta entrada en mi diario de 2 de Marzo. Escribí en el albergue durante un día lluvioso. Esta entrada comparte un poco de las cosas que amo y admiro de México y también de la pena que he visto en partes de México – pena que a veces resulta de los acciones de mi país, los Estados Unidos.
 

Anoche, Lila Downs tuvó un concierto gratuito en el Parque de Apizaco. Fue financiado por el gobierno de Apizaco en honor del 150 aniversario de Apizaco. Nunca había escuchado a Lila, pero fui porque otros amigos míos iban ... y era libre. Un par de miles de nosotros se reunieron en el parque frente a la gran catedral ... Eventualmente,… La música empezó y Lila apareció. Yo me quedé impresionado por la música. Lila tenía la más increíble voz que jamás he escuchado. Parecía que penetra hasta el centro del alma. Ella llevaba un vestido tradicional mexicana y se movía con tanta elegancia. Parecía llevar un aura de sabiduría y gracia. Su voz fue acompañada por un hermoso arreglo musical: un saxofón, trompeta, acordeón, battería, congos, el cajón, y un par de guitarras.


La música de Lila cantó a mi alma. Fue estéticamente excelente. Música de calidad. Y el contenido ... oh el contenido. Lila cantó una canción dedicada a todos los periodistas que han perdido sus vidas de información veraz en México. Lila se dirigió al hecho de que existe una enorme corrupción en esta nación. Cantó una canción sobre el hermoso nacimiento de México y una canción que nos da esperanza de que esta nación una vez más será restituido a su belleza como un lugar de paz. Junto con su potente voz, Lila mostró a sí misma ser fuerte - una mujer feroz. Cantó en el dolor de un amante de engaño, de pie a la cultura machista que prevalece en México. Ella cantó sobre el mezcal y el tequila, sobre la planta de maguey. Bailó en su vestido tradicional solo y con guey gueys. Ella cantó sobre el cacao - las raíces de esta planta en la cultura indígena, su belleza, y su sabrosura. Cantó sobre mole y su bello estado de Oaxaca.


La actuación de Lila me recordó de todo que me gusta de México. Me acordé de inmenso agradecimiento de los mexicanos por su patrimonio, especialmente sus raíces indígenas. Mexicanos respeta y admira a estos antepasados: su sabiduría, su modo de vida, su cultura, sus costumbres, su comida, el cacao y el maíz y el pulque. Ellos respetan la conexión de sus antepasados tenían a la Tierra. La pureza de su forma de vida. Sus antepasados sirven como un ideal de libertad de la tiranía, el imperialismo y el colonialismo, ya que vivían en una época antes de que México fue colonizado y oprimido por los extranjeros y sus sistemas económicos y religiones.


Me acordé de la apreciación de los mexicanos para la dualidad de la vida: el sol y la luna, los vivos y los muertos, etc. La manera en que al mismo tiempo, estas cosas coexisten. La manera en que estas cosas no son contrarios, pero trabajan juntos en el ciclo de la vida. Lila me recordó de la belleza de este ciclo de la vida y cómo dependemos de la tierra y sus frutos: el maíz, cacoa, maguey, chilé, café. Me inqueté ante la idea de que los cultivos modificados genéticamente, Mansanto, y el resto de gran agro-negocio amenazan con hacer que esta forma de vida extintas. Amenazan con eliminar las especies nativas de maíz en México. Amenazan con eleminar dependencia de la tierra y sus frutos. Amenazan con eliminar la herencia, la historia, y la conexión con el pasado y presente y futuro aquí en México.


El canto de Lila me recordó que la lucha es real en México. La corrupción siempre está presente. El pecado está siempre visible. Narcos que matan a los que están en su camino, que matan a l@s que dicen la verdad, y dividen familias y comunidades. Los traficantes de personas que seducen a la gente a través de mentiras, a continuación, l@s secuestran, y los venden a hombres córneos en todo el mundo. Los funcionarios del gobierno que sólo trabajan por dinero y poder, que trabajan con los narcos, que ayudan en la desaparición de personas. Las empresas transnacionales que se aprovechan de los Mexicanos que trabajan duro y seguirán dando su sudor y sangre, incluso cuando la paga es escasa y el tratamiento es deshumanizante. Agro-empresas transnacionales que roban el trabajo de los agricultores locales, que amenazan con borrar la manera de vida de Mexicanos y la dependencia de la tierra. Un vecino del norte que está siempre interfiriendo en los asuntos de México, aprovechando la mano de obra Mexicana, empujando a México a obedecer sus deseos, el tratamiento de México como inferiores, menor que y exportar una idea de México de que la felicidad está en otra parte: la felicidad está al norte, la felicidad es música pop de Estados Unidos, la felicidad es de estilo y la moda, la felicidad es blanco. La felicidad está en el otro lado de un muro, un desierto, un río, montañas, cámaras fotográficas, cámaras de detección de calor, sensores de movimiento, checkpoints, armas y agentes de la patrulla. La felicidad se le prohíbe a usted.


Es tan facíl creer esta mentira.


Es tan fácil pensar que la felicidad está en el otro lado, sobre todo cuando está pobre y con hambre y no se puede mandar sus hijos a la escuela. Si supiera que el pasto/césped no siempre es más verde al otro lado (hay un dicho en inglés ‘el pasto es más verde en el otro lado.’ Es decir que siempre estamos envidiosos de lo que no tenemos). Si pudiera trabajar su tierra por un salario justo. Si no se vieron obligados a comprar semillas de Monsanto. Si no tiene que vender su tierra después del importado cosecha de maíz EE.UU. se puso fuera del trabajo. Si solamente su gobierno no había firmado el TLC, permitiendo que su medio de vida ser vendidos a los ricos gigantes corporativos del imperio más poderoso de la historia del mundo. Si sólo más gente pudiera ver esta verdad ahora sin ser cegado a la coacción sutil de este imperio. Si sólo más personas se resistieron a la novia de este imperio y sus asociados: dinero, objetos, la promesa de libertad ... Si sólo los habitantes de este imperio entendieron el coste al que se compra su privilegio y la riqueza. Si sólo ellos entienden el sufrimiento que soportar por su confort. Si sólo se pusieron de pie en señal de protesta y se unieron junto con usted. Si tan sólo se encontraban en la solidaridad, al darse cuenta de que su liberación está ligada a la suya. Si solo…


Mientras que esperamos un futuro liberado, que nos damos cuenta que todavía estamos en el presente. Mientras que la promesa de la liberación de Cristo puede parecer atrás del posible a veces, nos damos cuenta que, al menos, tenemos el uno al otro. Y debido a que estamos vivos, seguiremos luchando por un futuro mejor para nuestros hijos, para el mundo.


Mientras estaba sentado y escuché las palabras de Lila, me di cuenta de que la comunidad es tan fuerte aquí. El amor de la familia proporciona sentido para la vida. Aquí, no hay necesidad de probar uno mismo. No hay necesidad de lograr tener sentido en la vida. El propósito no se encuentra en los éxitos. Por el contrario, el propósito, significado, la felicidad se encuentran en las personas que nos rodean. Estas relaciones son más profundas y más fuertes que el logro personale. Esas relaciones son vida.


Dualidad de la vida: la vida y la muerte.
Relación entre EE.UU y México.
Relación entre mi mano y su vida. //
Duality of life: life and death.
Relation between U.S. & Mexico.
Relation between my hand and your life.



Last week, mi tía asked me, what have you learned in México? What are you going to take with you? The question was too complicated to answer in one sitting. I have learned so much this year. I have learned about the migrant trail and the injustice between U.S. relations with México and Latin America. I have learned to love new people, convivir with mi familia, accompany my family and friends, enjoy life in a new form, and so much more.  I will forever be indebted to my Mexican family and friends that have taught me so much this year and given me new life.


To answer the question of mi tía, I have decided to share this journal entry from March 2. I wrote it in the shelter on a rainy day. This entry shares a bit of the things that I love and admire about México, as well as the pain that I have seen in parts of México – pain that sometimes results from the actions of my country, the United States.


Last night, Lila Downs held a free concert in el Parque de Apizaco. It was paid for by the government of Apizaco in honor of Apizaco’s 150th birthday. Though I hadn’t ever listened to Lila, I went because other friends of mine were going… and it was free. A couple thousand of us gathered in the park in front of the big cathedral… Eventually,… The music started and Lila appeared. I was blown away by the music. Lila had the most incredible voice I´ve ever Heard. It seemed to penétrate to the center of one´s soul. She wore a traditional Mexican dress and she moved with such elegance. She seemed to carry an aura of wisdom and grace. Her voice was accompanied by a beautiful musical arrangement: a saxophone, trumpet, accordian, drumset, congos, cajón, and a couple of guitars.


Lila’s music sang to my soul. It was aesthetically excellent. Quality music. And the content… oh the content. Lila sang a song dedicated to all the periodistas that have lost their lives reporting truthfully in México. Lila addressed the fact that there is tremendous corruption in this nation. She sang a song about the beautiful birth of México and a song giving us hope that this nation will once again be restored to its true beauty as a place of peace. Along with her powerful voice, Lila showed herself to be strong – a fierce woman. She sang about the pain of a cheating lover, standing up to the machismo culture that is so prevalent in México. She sang about mezcal and tequila, about the maguey plant.  She danced in her traditional dress alone and with guey gueys. She sang about cacao – the roots of this plant in indigenous culture, its beauty, and its tastiness. She sang about mole and her beautiful state of Oaxaca.


Lila´s performance reminded of everything that I love about México. I was reminded of Mexicans’ immense appreciation for their heritage, especially their indigenous roots. Mexicans respect and admire these ancestors: their wisdom, their way of life, their culture, their customs, their food, cacao and maize and pulque. They respect the connection their ancestors had to the Earth. The purity of their way of life. Their ancestors serve as an ideal of freedom from tyranny, imperialism and colonialism as they lived in an age before Mexico was colonized and oppressed by foreigners and their economic systems and religions.


I was reminded of Mexicans’ appreciation for the duality of life: the sun and the moon, the living and the dead, etc. How at once, these things coexist. How these things aren´t dichotomous, but work together in the cycle of life. Lila reminded me of the beauty of this cycle of life and how we depend on the Earth and its fruits: maize, cacoa, maguey, chilé, café. I shuddered at the thought that genetically modified crops, Mansanto, and the rest of Big Agro-business threaten to make this way of life extinct. Threaten to eliminate the native species of maize in México. Threaten to eleminate reliance on the Earth and its fruits. Threaten to eliminate one´s heritage, one´s history, and one´s connection to the past and present and future here in México.


Lila’s singing reminded me that the struggle is real in México. Corruption is ever-present. And, sin is ever-visible. Narcos who kill those in their path, eleminate those who teel truth, and tear apart families and communities. Human traffickers who seduce people through lies, then hold them captive, and sell them to horny men around the world. Government officials who only work for money and power, who work with the narcos, who help in the disappearance of people. Trans-national corporations that take advantage of hard-working Mexicans who will continue to give their sweat and blood even when pay is meager and treatment is dehumanizing. Trans-national agro-businesses who put local farmers out of work, who threaten to erase mexico’s way of life and dependence on the land. A northern neighbor who is ever-interfering in Mexican affairs, taking advantage of Mexican labor, pushing Mexico to obey its wishes, treating Mexico as inferior, lesser-than and exporting an idea to Mexico that happiness is elsewhere: happiness is north, happiness is U.S. pop music, happiness is U.S. style and fashion, happiness is white. Happiness is beyond a fence, a desert, a river, mountains, cameras, heat-detecting cameras, motion sensors, check points, guns and patrol agents. Happiness is prohibited from you.


It is so easy to believe the lie.


It is so easy to think that happiness is on the other side, especially when you are por and hungry and cannot send your kids to school. If only you knew that the grass is not always greener on the other side. If only you could work your land for a fair wage. If only you were not forced to buy seed from Monsanto. If only you did not have to sell our land when imported subsidy-grown U.S. corn put you out of business. If only your government had not signed NAFTA, allowing your livelihood to be sold to the rich corporate giants of the most powerful empire in the history of the world. If only more people could see this truth now without being blinded to the subtle coerción of this empire. If only more people resisted the bride of this empire and its associates: money, objects, the promise of freedom... If only the inhabitants of this empire understood the cost at which their privilege and wealth is purchased. If only they understood the suffering you endure for their confort. If only they stood up in protest and joined together with you. If only they stood in solidarity, realizing that their liberation is bound up with yours. If only…


While we long for a liberated future, we realize that we are still in the present. While Christ’s promise of liberation may seem unattainale at times, we realize that we at least still have one another. And because we are alive, we will continue to struggle for a better future for our children, for the world.


As I sat and listened to Lila’s words, I realized that community here is so strong. The love of family provides meaning for life. Here, there is no need to prove one self. There is no need to achieve to have meaning in life. Purpose is not found in successes. Rather, purpose, meaning, happiness are found in the people around us. These relationships go deeper and hold stronger than one’s personal records. Those relationships are life.

Monday, May 9, 2016

The Eyes of a Perro

This past year has turned my perspective of the world upside down in many ways.

I have learned that some of the most divine things are the “ordinary,” everyday things: walking through the park, seeing the complexity of humanity in the random strangers all around me, saying hi to the lady selling the gelatina on may way to work, reveling in the group of people holding hands as we pray before la comida at the shelter, feeling grateful for the hard work that mi mamá puts into making breakfast each day.

I have discovered that mission work – at least the kind that I have taken part in – does not take place in a church, in a Bible Study, or passing out pamphlets. Many of my holiest moments this year have come over a beer with co-workers[1] or tequila shots with my host family. The only conversion that I have made this year has been winning my host mamá over to locally grown and roasted coffee beans brewed in a French Press (rather than Folger’s made in a coffee pot). I have certainly received much more ministering from family, friends and co-workers than I have given.

I have realized that spiritual language – or Christian jargon – is not so Christian when it excludes and isolates others.

I have witnessed accompaniment more in friends who are self-proclaimed atheists, academics and socialists than I ever witnessed in the church.

I have seen that working as a guía for migrants or carrying a backpack of drugs for the narcos is sometimes the most feasible way to sacar adelante, to support one’s family and improve one’s life.

I have realized that local police aren’t working to defend the public when they have target practice on migrants riding atop trains; when they search and interrogate individuals on the sole basis that they are darker-skinned.

My view of the world is more muddied now. People and things do not fit in the categorical boxes in which I used to put them. The world is too complex.

“I accused the Border Patrol agents and the agency’s over-all culture of creating an over simplified and overly harsh duality out of the complex reality of migration. Walking out of the Border Patrol station, I realized that I was equally as guilty. I walked into the station so ready to see my anger and frustration personified. I had been vilifying Border Patrol since I’d begun to learn about this issue. I had built a very clear and simple duality. Migrant=good. Border Patrol=bad. I wanted to hate her and all she stood for, but I couldn’t. She was kind, patient, human.
Part of me, wishes it could be that simple. Part of me wishes there were one singular policy or organization against which I could unleash all my energy and frustration. However, migration is interwoven into so many different aspects of policy, business and culture. The issue itself calls us out of our limited and dualistic way of analyzing issues…
Our visit to the Douglas, AZ Border Patrol station showed me one more facet of the incredibly complex issue of human migration along our Southern border. It reminded me of the critical importance of bringing humanity to what can so easily become a theoretical political or economic conversation. It reminded me that humanity should extend along both sides of the border.” –Alyssa Kaplan, my friend and fellow Mexico YAGM


I continue to default to categorizing and stereotyping. It is, after all, a tool to help our brains understand the complexity of the world around us. But, it’s not something I will live with contently. As a result of the experiences I have had, it saddens me to see us categorizing one another, labeling the other, perpetuating stereotypes, and creating division.

***

During our visit to the border, we had lunch, coffee and discussion with Douglas, Arizona’s mayor Danny Ortega one day. Mayor Ortega recalled the days when all that separated Douglas from its’ sister city Agua Prieta was a three-strand barb-wired fence. In those days, he and his friends would hop over the fence to go play baseball in Mexico. And, their Mexican compadres would come visit Douglas to play soccer. Annual bi-national horse races were held, pitting a Mexican horse against a U.S. American horse. Folks gathered on both sides of the border, bringing their tamales, hot dogs, and cerveza. It was a time of community, and celebration.

Lunch & Discussion with Mayor Danny Ortega, Cristobal Lohr Castelo
of the Mexican Consulate, and café owner Robert Uribé.
Check out Galiano's Café & Smoothies if you are ever in Douglas, AZ.
Photo Cred: Frontera de Cristo 

The government never asked the residents of Douglas – and certainly not the residents of Agua Prieta – before constructing the wall. They just built it. The wall divided families, hurt the economy of Douglas, and separated the bi-national community.[2]

The border wall created dichotomy. One side was labeled as good, the other bad. One innocent, the other criminal. Fear was struck in our hearts, dividing us from one another. (Todd Miller as quoted in Martin, 2016).[3]

***

We complicate life so much sometimes.

We debate the wall. We debate immigration.

Will letting immigrants in hurt us economically?
What are the social and political effects of accepting immigrants into our nation?

Sometimes we make a mess of things, and just need to remind ourselves to view the world with the eyes of a niño.

South side of the border, looking north.
Photo Cred: Gracia Johnson

What makes her different from me? Why can I visit her in her country, but she can’t come to visit me in mine? Why is there a wall to keep us from playing ball together?

As I stood a few feet south of the border wall contemplating these things, the little dog accompanying us crossed between the posts in the wall (about six inches wide) into the U.S. We whistled and laughed. The dog had no idea that what he was doing was “illegal.” He had no idea that this line in the sand separated one nation from another. Wiggling his tail, he strolled down the Border Patrol’s dirt road, sniffed around a bit, then came right back.

 El Cachorrito (perro)
Photo Cred: Gracia

My heart was warmed. I thought to myself, why can’t we see the world with the eyes of a perro?

***

Gracias a Dios, there are people working to muddy the dichotomy, unite the nations, cross borders, and build community. Mayor Ortega shared that many who work and go to school in Douglas live on the Agua Prieta side. City officials in Douglas are given healthcare in Agua Prieta. Bi-national artwalks and concerts are hosted along the border wall. Douglas provides fire-trucks to Agua Prieta. The two cities are organizing a teacher exchange program. It’s just a start, but it’s something. There is hope.






[1] My co-volunteer and American friend John (who has his MSW and is currently a Fulbright scholar researching Central American migrants in Mexico as a part of his doctoral research in Anthropology) told me that he most feels like a social worker when he talks over a beer with our co-workers in the shelter. It is in these moments that they are finally able to express their true feelings about our work in the shelter and air out frustrations. It is in these moments that we hear one another’s lives, hold one another’s complaints and struggles, and encourage one another to persevere in this work – work that John calls today’s equivalent of the Underground Railroad.
[2] Douglies relies economically on the consumption of citizens of Agua Prieta, Mexico. While about 20,000 live in Douglas, around 100,000 people live in Agua Prieta. These Mexican citizens are hungry to have access to things not available on their side of the border, and things like milk, gasoline, phones and computers that are substantially cheaper in the U.S. Today 65% of Douglas’ city budget comes from sales taxes. Of these taxes, 75-85% are paid by Mexican nationals. The numbers were even higher before, but now stricter border regulations prevent Mexicans without some sort of visa from crossing the port of entry.
[3] Martin, A. (2016, February 11). The Empire's War on the Border - Full Documentary //
Empire_File018/19 [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e94K30251MI

Sunday, May 8, 2016

Bullies, Economics & The Border


 “… as long as there have been desperate people who can’t make a living wage in their home country and a need for cheap labor in the United States, migrants have been willing to cross the border regardless of the cost. 
The factors that make people leave their homes and families to risk life and limb in the desert for the chance to scrub toilets for minimum wage are relatively obvious: global economic inequality, political instability, war, famine, government corruption, drug cartel violence, unregulated capitalism, consumer demands for cheap goods and services. It is an endless list of political economic issues that defy simple policy solutions. Would a new guest worker program solve America’s border problems? Could policing the workforce and penalizing those who employ the undocumented stop the migration flow? What about equalizing the trade relationships between the United States and our neighbors to the south so that people have fewer reasons to leave home? Perhaps more foreign investment in economic development in Latin America and less spending on the Border War? All of these suggestions have been put forth time and again with few results.
In the end, it comes down to the United States’ need for cheap labor that can easily be controlled with the threat of deportation and duplicitous stance that we don’t want undocumented laborers in our country. The American public has to first recognize and resolve this fundamental socioeconomic conundrum before any serious immigration policy reform can take place…” -Jason De León (2015,  p.283-284)

I thought it was just kids that bullied one another. It always seemed to me that the “cool kids” – the ones that were popular, that had influence – made fun of others. I remember friends like Brendan and Jacob being called “gay” and picked on by the cool kids. They weren’t/aren’t actually gay, they were just socially different than the cool kids. Meanwhile, the kids that were gay received all kinds of homophobic comments – maybe not to their face, but certainly behind their backs. Kids were mean. Unfortunately, I have begun to realize that the bullying didn’t end in grade school. Adults are just as bad if not worse.

U.S. side of border. Douglas, AZ

For whatever reason, our politicians, the media, and the U.S. population in general has decided to blame many of our national problems on undocumented immigrants. The bullies, like their grade school peers are insecure – politicians trying to explain perceived economic issues of our nation (to divert the heat they feel from their constituents); media looking for “hot stories” to grip the attention of the masses, bringing in money for their company and keeping themselves employed; the U.S. population looing for make sense of why the “American Dream” doesn’t look as they imagined. Meanwhile, the victims – like most of bullying – can’t, or won’t, defend themselves. Why would they even try if doing so would ensure deportation and limit their ability to provide for their families?

The politicians, media and fellow U.S. citizens are not completely wrong in saying that undocumented immigrants cost tax-payers money. They do. Undocumented immigrants use services paid by U.S. tax-payers: roads, parks, public schools, etc. Additionally, hospitals in the American Southwest have tens of millions worth in medical bills unpaid by undocumented immigrants who were treated in their facilities (Urrea, 2004, p. 179-180). However, undocumented immigrants also provide benefits to our economy that are immeasurable. Undocumented immigrants pay sales taxes, state taxes, FICA and Social Security. They pay banks and financial institutions fees when sending remittances home to Latin America. Their cheap labor keeps the cost of food and goods low. They are said to add $300 billion to the U.S.’s GDP (Urrea, 2004, 215-219).

At the end of the day, it is impossible to say how much immigrants cost us or benefit us economically. Regardless, I would argue that the amount they might cost tax-payers is relatively small. I believe that paying the tab for the medical care and public services received by undocumented immigrants is a small price to pay in order to provide refuge for those fleeing their nations; to accept hard workers and entrepreneurs into our nation; to enjoy the social and religious perspective of different people; to care for the foreigner and migrant (as many of our faiths command us to); and to maintain the promise that our nation will be a refuge, providing liberty and justice for all.



Reference List:

De León, J. (2015). The land of open graves: living and dying on the migrant trail. Oakland,
            CA: University of California Press.


Urrea, L. A. (2004). The devil’s highway: A true story. New York: Little, Brown and Company.

Plan Frontera Sur

How wide is the U.S.-Mexico border? One’s first thought might be to measure the width of the fence… roughly 6-inches. But further examine reveals that the border is wider than one would imagine.


The agent walked down the aisle eying everyone on the bus. He was young and attractive. Dressed sharply with a tan vest over a white short-sleeve collared shirt and hip sunglasses. He asked a couple of people for their IDs – people whose skin was darker, whose appearance looked more like that of stereotypical Central Americans. He was nice enough. He asked friendly for the IDs and didn’t come off as intimidating. The two individuals handed over their Mexican IDs. He glanced them over then handed them back with “gracias” and a warm smile. He then scanned the rest of the bus. Though we were obviously foreign, he never asked my parents or I for identification. The agent proceeded to turn around and exit the bus. We passed through the National Immigration Institute’s checkpoint north of Oaxaca City and continued our seven-hour ride to Mexico City.

It was a routine INM (National Migration Institution) checkpoint. Albeit, one that was occurring over 400 miles (over 700km) from Mexico’s southern border with Guatemala. In the United States, the agency that conducts similar inspections, the U.S. Border Patrol, is only given jurisdiction within 100 miles of the border. Why was it that this checkpoint was set up so far from the border?

For one, INM’s jurisdiction covers all of Mexico, it is not limited like that of the U.S. Border Patrol. (INM’s responsibilities cover more than what Border Patrol does. They also function in the way that ICE does in the U.S.)

What may be more telling, though, is the fact that Mexico is not seeking to stop immigrants just for their own purposes. Mexico is also seeking to stop these migrants because of U.S. diplomatic pressure, economic incentives, and other clandestine dealings. The United States played a large part in pressuring Mexico to begin its Plan Frontera Sur (Southern Border Plan) after receiving a record-number of child and family Central American migrants and refugees at the U.S. border in the spring and summer of 2014. The plan effectively shifted responsibility to stop Central Americans from the U.S. Border Patrol to Mexico’s National Migration Institute. As a result, it also made the U.S.-Mexico border as wide as the length of all of Mexico.

Though the agent that screened our bus was Mexican and worked for INM, he might as well have been a U.S. border patrol agent. He was doing the work of enforcing United States border policy. Albeit, his covert U.S. border enforcement was taking place over 700 miles south of the U.S. border. Nevertheless, his screening tactics – profiling the people with the darkest skin and most Central American look – were no different than the U.S. Border Patrol’s tactics at checkpoints and Arizona law enforcement’s profiling of latinos following the legislation of SB 1070.

***

Here are some graphs that reveal a bit about Plan Frontera Sur:





How is the U.S. supporting Mexico’s Plan Frontera Sur?

“Public documents show that the US State Department initially provided $86m to train the security forces and modernise inspection and communication equipment” (Lakhani, 2016).
The U.S. has also provided Mexico with watch towers, biometric data equipment and other resources to find and track migrants. Various migrants passing through the shelter in Apizaco have also recounted stories of seeing U.S. American Border Patrol agents working alongside – and presumably training – Mexican immigration forces.

These are just a few of the ways that the U.S. is supporting Mexico’s initiative to stop Central American migrants. It is believed that the U.S. is diverting money from the $2.5 billion Mérida Plan – which fights drug trafficking in Mexico – to Mexico’s INM to stop migrants. However, the U.S. refused to diverge info after a Freedom of Information request was filed in September in 2015. The U.S. government’s refusal to be transparent has prompted a coalition of human rights groups to sue the government (Lakhani, 2016).


Why is Plan Frontera Sur bad?

The crackdown by immigration agents along well-traveled train routes, such as the infamous “bestia” – the train route through Mexico – has forced migrants to take more rural routes, often on foot. This has exposed migrants to new predators and other vulnerabilities, and isolated them from the network of migrant shelters that run along the train tracks in Mexico. Isolation from the shelters means isolation from a free housing, food, medical care, and the people who are working to document and denounce human rights abuses.

When asking one migrant in the shelter in April, “¿Como ha sido su viaje por México? How has your journey been through Mexico?” he responded, “Todo ha salido bien. La migra solo me ha golpeado tres veces. Everything has been good. Immigration has only beaten me up three times.

Since Plan Frontera Sur was passed, there has been an upsurge in reported human rights abuses committed against migrants. Abuses committed by immigration agents, train guards, municipal police, federal police, local citizens. On an almost daily basis, I hear of migrants being assaulted and robbed by train guards – sometimes in conjunction with municipal police – in Orizaba, Veracruz. Many abuses have also been committed by immigration agents during raids, which have become more frequent and dangerous as a result of Plan Frontera Sur. One such human rights abuse that we witnessed in Apizaco, Tlaxcala on April 12 was documented by my friend John Doering-White:

Yesterday morning I watched five migrants leave the migrant shelter in Apizaco, Tlaxcala. Moments later, only four returned. When they sprinted back to the entrance of the shelter, urgently shouting for me to open the door, the four that returned explained that the migration agents had beaten the fifth individual, throwing him to the ground by his hair then kicking him repeatedly in the head before throwing him head-first into their vehicle. This occurred less than 100 meters from the entrance of the migrant shelter. This also occurred mere minutes after I myself was stopped by migration agents in the center of town nearby. I learned this morning that the agents continued to beat the fifth migrant inside their vehicle until he lost consciousness. Acccording to Adrían, they then drove to a rural and isolated area to dump his body, leaving him for dead. Luckily, Adrián was able to regain consciousness and make his way back to the shelter, where he is currently being cared for. Ostensibly, Adrián can apply for a humanitarian visa, made eligible to undocumented migrants who are victims of a crime while in Mexico (similar to a U-Visa in the US). This would allow him to travel more freely through the country. Ironically, the very agency whose agents violently abused Adrián are responsible for approving such a visa. Formal complaints and reports are being submitted to the local police and the relevant human rights commissions. Regardless, this is ridiculous.

Adrían's blood-soaked t-shirt.
Photographed after he found his way back to shelter.

 (Update: Adrian stayed in the shelter the day after the incident, spending most of hist time making a denouncement against INM. Rather than opting to apply for a humanitarian visa and endure the long 3-month-or-so waiting process, Adrian continued his journey northward.)

Mexico has failed to properly assess apprehended migrants’ need for asylum. It is believed that many migrants apprehended would qualify for asylum in Mexico because of persecution they flee in their home countries. However, because the migrants often do not ask to be processed for asylum and are not assessed for this need, they are deported back to life-threatening situations. A recent NPR interview reports an even starker image of Mexico’s failure to aid Central Americans fleeing danger.

KAHN: Apart from the abuse, advocates for the migrants say many would-be refugees with credible asylum claims are getting swept up. On a recent tour of detention facilities along Mexico's southern border, Eric Olson with the Wilson Center in Washington says he saw evidence of that. He reviewed dozens of forms to be filled out by migrants with questions regarding fear and requesting protection. They'd already been checked no.
ERIC OLSON: And it wasn't just that somebody had gone through with the pen and marked off no, no, no, no, but it - they were literally printed with a check in the box. (Kahn, 2015)

The Southern Border Plan focuses on enforcement. It’s just another example of the U.S. – and Mexico – fighting migration as if it were a war. If we want to slow migration, we should work on resolving its causes rather than continuing to try to block migrants, which accomplishes no long-term solution. The only thing these band-aid responses have achieved is a feeling of satisfaction among U.S. law-makers, which is kept them from looking into the root causes of migration.

***

In all fairness, the U.S. has taken a few recent steps that could end up being positive actions to aid Central America, target the root causes of migration and improve our broken immigration system. In December of 2014, the U.S. began a new program to process asylum pleas for Central American fleeing violence while they are still in their home countries, so that they do not have to make the perilous journey through Mexico before making their plea. While the program was born out of great intentions – helping Central American youth avoid the dangers of smugglers, gangs, narcos and corrupt officials along the migrant trail – the program has been anything but successful. A slow-moving bureaucratic process had resulted in not a single minor being accepted for asylum by the time of a November 2015 NY Times article on the program (Shear). This delay also puts these child’s lives in danger. If one is fleeing violence, how can she afford to stay in her country while waiting months for a response? Maureen Meyer of Washington Office on Latin America shared that the U.S. is looking into involving a third country as a host for refugee applicants during the bureaucratic process. However, no resolution has been made to implement this at present.

In December of 2015, U.S. Congress approved a $750 million aid package for Central America. Two-thirds of the funds are ear-marked for development and economic assistance in the Northern Triangle of Central America – Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador – the area that is plagued by the most violence and from which come the majority of immigrants and refugees that head to Mexico and the U.S. The money has a number of stipulations and conditions. The Central American governments must prosecute corrupt officials, make efforts to combat human smuggling, and make efforts to persuade citizens of the dangers of making the journey to the U.S. It’s too early to tell what effects this aid-package will have.

“But for all the effort, the Mexican campaign has not deterred the flow of migrants north. Instead, what was already a treacherous journey has become even more dangerous.” –Azam Ahmed

While the present situation looks bleak, the future is still being written. As we move toward this future, we would be wise to head the words of Sonia Nazario:

While a legitimate debate can continue about the pluses and minuses of economic migrants to the United States, the solution with these refugees from our neighbors to the south is clear. It seems ridiculous to have to say it: If a child is fleeing danger in his or her home country, and that child knocks on our door pleading for help, we should open the door. Instead of funding only the current policies toward migrants in Mexico, we should fund fair efforts by Mexico to evaluate which Central Americans are refugees.

While migrants’ claims are evaluated, we should help Mexico pay for places for migrants to be held that are humane.

The United States should develop a system for these refugees, much like Europe is now doing for Syrians, to equitably allocate people who are fleeing harm throughout this continent — including sending them to safer countries in Latin America, to Canada and to the United States. In the 1980s, many United States churches stepped up to help Central Americans fleeing civil war violence, and many would gladly sponsor a migrant today if encouraged by our government.

Will the United States step up and be a moral leader for these refugees? (Nazario, 2015)


Reference List:

Ahmed, A. (2016, February 8). Step by step on a desperate trek by migrants through
Mexico. International New York Times. Retrieved from: http://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/08/world/americas/mexico-migrants-central-america.html?smid=fb-share%3Fregister%3Dfacebook&_r=3

Isacson, A., Meyer, M., & Smith, H. (2015, November). Increased enforcement at Mexico’s
southern border: an update on security, migration, and U.S. assistance. Retrieved from: http://www.wola.org/files/WOLA_Increased_Enforcement_at_Mexico's_Southern_Border_Nov2015.pdf

Kahn, C. (Interviewer) & Olson, E. (Interviewee). (2015). Mexico deporting migrating
minors in record numbers. [Interview transcript]. Retrieved from National Public Radio’s All Things Considered. Retrieved from: http://www.npr.org/2015/11/27/457617388/mexico-deporting-migrating-minors-in-record-numbers

Knippen, J., Boggs, C., & Meyer, M. (2015 November). An uncertain path: justice for crimes
and human rights violations against migrants and refugees in Mexico. Retrieved from: http://www.wola.org/sites/default/files/An%20Uncertain%20Path_Nov2015.pdf

Lakhani, N. (2016, February 16). Human rights groups sue US over immigration payments

to Mexico. The Guardian. Retrieved from: http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/feb/12/human-rights-group-sue-immigration-mexico

Nazario, S.  (2015, October 10). The refugees at our door. International New York Times.
Retrieved from: http://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/11/opinion/sunday/the-refugees-at-our-door.html?_r=2

Shear, M.D. (2015, November 5). Red tape slows U.S. help for children fleeing Central
America. International New York Times. Retrieved from: http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/06/us/politics/red-tape-slows-us-help-for-children-fleeing-central-america.html?action=click&contentCollection=Americas&module=RelatedCoverage&region=Marginalia&pgtype=article

Turati, M. (2016, March 8). Women marked by the plan frontera sur. En El Camino.

Retrieved from: http://sites.sandiego.edu/tbi-foe/2016/03/08/women-marked-by-the-plan-frontera-sur-by-marcela-turati-en-el-camino/